财经问题研究

在中国全面建成小康社会的新阶段，如何促进农村低收入群体稳定增收，成为实现乡村全面振兴亟待破解的关键问题。本文基于充分的数据分析，探讨了农村低收入群体的界定、收入变动趋势和各类收入对家庭总收入的贡献度，从理论逻辑、现实堵点和路径差异三个维度，系统探讨农村低收入群体持续增收机制的重构方向。研究表明，尽管整体上农村居民收入水平持续提升，但农村低收入群体与其他群体之间的收入差距依然显著。并且，农村低收入群体收入增长速度相对较慢，生计脆弱性较高，面临较大的返贫风险。通过分析不同类型的收入来源对家庭总收入的贡献度，本文发现工资性收入和经营性收入是农村低收入群体的主要收入来源。此外，农村低收入群体由于人力资本不足、健康状况欠佳、增收渠道狭窄和风险承受能力较低等原因，在实现持续增收方面面临诸多障碍。针对这些问题，本文提出了加快发展现代农业、壮大帮扶产业、加强教育帮扶、强化就业与创业支持、推进数字经济与乡村产业深度融合等政策建议。

After eliminating absolute poverty, China focuses on relative poverty governance aimed at narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor in the new stage of marching towards common prosperity.Presently,the income level of the rural low-income population is relatively low, and there is a large income gap with other rural residents. Their income growth is relatively slow. The reasons are mainly the constraints of low education level, lack of labor skills, weak labor capacity, and poor health among the low-income population. The channels for increasing the income of the rural low-income population are narrow, and some are relatively blocked. Compared with the middle-income and high-income groups, the rural low-income population has a lower ability to resist risks.A strong ability to increase income mainly comes from strong labor capacity and human capital, and is also closely related to employment willingness and employment opportunities. The basic feasible capacity of the rural low-income population is generally weak, restricting their ability to increase income. Compared with urban residents, rural residents have gaps in public services, infrastructure, medical security, educational resources, etc. From the perspective of obstacles to increasing the income of the low-income population, there are both problems of insufficient individual income growth capacity and an imperfect income distribution system and social security system.There are some path differences in the sustained increase in income for the rural low-income population. For the low-income population without labor capacity, it is necessary to strengthen social security and industrial assistance. For the low-income population with labor capacity, it is necessary to further strengthen the development-oriented assistance to form the ability of self-development. We need to adopt differentiated development-oriented assistance strategies for the low-income population in different regions.The policy implications are as follows. First, we should accelerate the development of modern agriculture to promote the transformation of the smallholder agricultural management mode. Second, we should strengthen the industrial assistance to enhance the function of driving income growth of the low-income population. Third, we should strengthen the educational assistance to improve the level of human capital. Fourth, we should strengthen the employment and entrepreneurship assistance to help the low-income population “make money”. Fifth, we should promote the deep integration of the digital economy with rural industries to improve the mechanism for agricultural entities to link with and benefit farmers.