财经问题研究

新质生产力是以大数据、云计算、人工智能、绿色低碳技术为代表的新技术与数智化机器设备、数智化劳动者、数字基础设施、海量数据、算力、新能源、新材料等新要素紧密结合的生产力新形态。从新质战斗力到新质生产力是理论与实践发展的新飞跃。加快形成新质生产力有助于促进科技水平实现质的飞跃，推动产业转型升级，提升资源配置效率，增强发展新动能新优势，实现经济高质量发展。加快形成新质生产力需要从以下方面发力：构建与新质生产力相适应的科技创新体制和制度环境；优化升级传统基础设施，完善新型基础设施，筑牢新质生产力的基础保障；以新型举国体制实施重大科技项目攻关，强化新质生产力的科技支撑；培育发展数据要素市场，构建适应新质生产力发展的数据要素产权制度体系；加快推动数字产业化和产业数字化转型升级，提升数字赋能新质生产力水平；加大新质生产力所需人才的培养力度，为形成新质生产力提供人力资源的强力支撑；强化金融“供血”功能，全面优化保障新质生产力发展的金融供给；加速构筑算力竞争优势，夯实发展新质生产力的算力基础；以绿色科技推动绿色经济发展，增强发展新质生产力的绿色动能。

New quality productivity is a new form of productivity that closely combines new technologies represented by big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and green and low-carbon technologies with new elements such as digital machinery and equipment, digital workers, digital infrastructure, massive data, computing power, new energy, and new materials. The proposal of new quality productivity is a new leap for the Chinese context and needs of times of Marxist productivity theory. It provides scientific theoretical guidance and action guidance to comprehensively grasp the breakthrough direction of new round of scientific and technological revolution, achieve high-quality economic development,and comprehensively promote the construction of Chinese modernization in the new era.The workforce in the new quality of productivity consists of digital-savvy workers, including not only individuals with rapidly evolving knowledge, adept at leveraging new technologies, and quickly adapting to digitally intelligent equipment,but also encompasses artificial intelligence and digital personas mirroring real-world workers. Labor materials in the new quality of productivity embody advanced precision instruments and intelligent devices that have undergone digital upgrades.Labor objects within this new quality productivity paradigm encompass both material entities like new energy sources and new materials, and non-material entities such as vast amounts of data and information.Accelerating the formation of new quality productivity holds significant strategic importance for several reasons. Firstly, it facilitates a qualitative leap in China's technological prowess, thereby bolstering its international competitiveness. Secondly, it drives the transformation and upgrading of domestic industries, fostering the comprehensive establishment of a modern industrial system. Thirdly, it enhances resource allocation efficiency within China, propelling sustainable economic and social development. Lastly, it shapes new dynamics and advantages for development, propelling Chinese Modernization.The establishment of new quality productivity necessitates efforts on various fronts:establishing a scientific and technological innovation system and a supportive institutional environment; optimizing and enhancing traditional infrastructure while advancing new infrastructure; executing pivotal scientific and technological initiatives through a revamped national system; nurturing and advancing the data element market while constructing a comprehensive data element property rights system; hastening the adoption of digital industrialization and promoting industrial digital transformation and enhancement; intensifying the cultivation of talents necessary for new quality productivity; fortifying financial provisions to bolster the development of new quality productivity; building competitive advantages in computing power and solidifying the foundation of computing power for new quality productivity; and using green technology to promote the development of green economy and enhancing the green driving force for the development of new quality productivity.