财经问题研究

共同富裕是社会主义的本质特征，其作为中国共产党的初心使命始终贯穿于党的百年征程之中。党的十八大以来，面对中国经济社会发展的新形势和新任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央精准洞察新时代经济体制改革的关键任务与战略目标，围绕社会主义市场经济体制的完善，作出了一系列具有深远意义和前瞻性的重要部署。这不仅为推动共同富裕取得实质性进展指明了现实路径，而且厘清了实现共同富裕的逻辑脉络。然而，在构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的过程中，推动共同富裕仍存在产权制度建设的规范性亟待提升、要素分配机制的公平性有待提升、政府与市场协同治理的适配性尚需优化等现实瓶颈。因此，必须坚持“两个毫不动摇”，创新国有经济与民营经济协同发展的制度体系；深化要素市场化改革，构建有效市场与有为政府协同治理新格局；完善市场经济基础制度，推进全国统一大市场建设。全方位释放以高水平社会主义市场经济体制推动共同富裕的强大活力，为迈向共同富裕的现代化进程构筑坚实有力的制度支撑。

Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and the core goal of Chinese modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the CPC Central Committee has made important deployments around improving the socialist market economy system, providing institutional support for common prosperity through the combination of efficient markets and proactive governments. In terms of theoretical logic, the innovative development of Marxist political economy in the new era emphasizes the organic combination of socialist production relations and market economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on common prosperity combines classical Marxist theory with the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, proposing that common prosperity is the core goal of socialist modernization.The current construction of a high-level socialist market economy system still faces multiple obstacles. Firstly, there is a lack of standardization in the property rights system. There is a lack of supervision mechanism in mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises and risk of loss of state-owned assets. Secondly, there is a lack of fairness in factor distribution.The proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution is lower than the international level, and capital squeezes labor income; the mechanism for transforming technological achievements is not sound and the protection of the rights and interests of scientific researchers is insufficient; the distribution of land appreciation benefits is tilted towards the government, with limited benefits for rural areas; and the pricing and distribution system for data elements is not yet mature and the phenomenon of monopoly exacerbates the imbalance of distribution. Thirdly, the synergy between the government and the market needs to be optimized. Insufficient marketization in some areas leads to rent-seeking and monopoly profits;excessive marketization in areas such as healthcare and people's livelihoods has led to uneven distribution of resources;and the poor connection between market regulation and public service functions exacerbates the “Matthew effect”.Therefore, it is imperative to adhere to the “Two Unswervinglys” principle, innovate a collaborative development institutional system between the state-owned and private economies; deepen market-oriented reforms of production factors to establish a new governance pattern featuring effective market mechanisms and proactive government coordination; and refine fundamental market economy institutions to advance the modern governance system of a unified national market.Comprehensive efforts should be made to unleash the vigorous vitality of the socialist market economy system in driving common prosperity, thereby constructing robust institutional support for modernizing the path toward shared prosperity.