财经问题研究

作为中国特色社会主义的重要物质基础和政治基础、党执政兴国的重要支柱和依靠力量，国有企业不仅是培育和发展新质生产力的中坚力量，更是新质生产力发挥作用的主阵地。国有企业是原创技术策源地和现代产业链的“链长”，在推进新质生产力的过程中被赋予新的时代内涵和功能使命。党的二十届三中全会明确提出了推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整的“三个集中”战略，深化国有企业改革，提升国有经济竞争力、创新力和抗风险能力，有利于进一步加快形成和发展新质生产力。因此，加快形成和发展新质生产力，需要健全国有企业推进原始创新制度安排，构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、政产学研深度融合的创新体系；健全科技人才创新激励和容错机制；以数据要素加快赋能国有企业数字化转型；以差异化发展路径强化国有企业整体创新耦合效应。

As essential material and political foundations of socialism with Chinese characteristics, state-owned enterprises(SOEs) are not only the backbone in cultivating and developing new quality productive forces but also the main arena where the new quality productive forces exert their effects and realize their value. However,existing literature lacks systematic research on the role of SOEs in the formation of new quality productive forces, especially lacking in-depth exploration of their reform directions and institutional arrangements.Focusing on the theme of high-quality development of SOEs and new quality productive forces, this paper first points out that SOEs should become sources of original technologies and serve as“chain leaders” in modern industrial chains,fully leveraging their advantages in traditional industries, strategic emerging industries, and future industries. Secondly, in conjunction with the “three concentrations” strategy for optimizing the layout and structural adjustments of the state-owned economy proposed at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC), this paper explores the main directions of SOE reform against the backdrop of accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces. State-owned capital will be steered toward major industries and key fields that are vital to national security and serve as the lifeblood of the national economy,toward sectors such as public services,emergency response,and public welfare,which concern China's prosperity and people's wellbeing, and toward forward-looking and strategic emerging industries. Finally, the institutional framework under which SOEs pursue original innovation will be improved, including building an innovation system that is enterprise-centered and market-oriented, and deeply integrates government, industry,academia, and research; improving innovation incentives and fault-tolerance mechanisms for technological talents;empowering SOEs' digital transformation with data elements;and enhancing the overall innovation coupling effect of SOEs through differentiated development paths.The innovations of this paper are as follows. Firstly, it proposes the specific missions and tasks that SOEs should undertake in the development of new quality productive forces, enriching the understanding of SOEs' role in achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology. Secondly, it provides an in-depth analysis of the significant role of the “three concentrations” strategy in optimizing the layout and structural adjustments of the state-owned economy in accelerating the development of new quality productive forcess, offering a theoretical basis for policy implementation.Thirdly, it proposes concrete pathways for improving institutional arrangements for SOEs to promote original innovation,providing practical guidance for deepening SOE reform.