财经问题研究

数字技术在很大程度上打破了传统产业集群对地理集聚的依赖，企业可以通过远程协作和虚拟网络参与集群活动，实现跨越地理边界的协同创新，形成数字产业集群这一新兴产业生态系统。但数字产业集群在学理上并没有被充分地探讨，不同类型的数字产业集群在演化路径和竞争优势形成机制上的差异性有待进一步研究。本文将数字产业集群分为产业数字化集群和数字产业化集群两类，分析这两类集群在核心企业与主导逻辑、平台镜像映现方式、创新网络结构特征、数据要素创造价值方式等关键演化要素上的差异，并从创新过程的视角尝试构建不同类型数字产业集群的差异化演化路径。其中，产业数字化集群的演化以渐进式的数字赋能为主，经历了从基础数字化阶段的流程优化和效率提升，到多元创新阶段的跨行业协作，再到生态系统构建阶段的全球化整合与生态稳定，展现了传统产业在技术驱动下稳步提升的特点。数字产业化集群则呈现更强的动态性和非线性，其演化路径从数字平台的搭建到动态创新，再到生态系统优化，充分体现了平台经济和网络效应的主导作用。基于数字产业集群差异化演化路径，本文提出了强化数字基础设施建设、培育一批竞争力强的核心企业及实施差异化数字产业集群发展支持政策等促进数字产业集群发展的措施，对厘清数字产业集群内涵、促进数字产业集群高质量发展和优化相关支持政策具有启示意义。

As emphasized in the report to the 20th CPC National Congress, “we will accelerate the development of the digital economy, further integrate it with the real economy, and build internationally competitive digital industry clusters”,which has become a significant driving force in economic development. Although existing research has provided crucial theoretical underpinnings for understanding digital industrial clusters, digital industrial clusters have not been fully explored in the academic domain, and the differences in evolution paths and competitive advantage formation mechanisms of various types of digital industrial clusters need to be studied.This paper conducts a systematic review of literature on industrial cluster upgrading and digital industrial clusters and divides digital industrial clusters into industrial digitalization clusters and digital industrialization clusters. Industrial digitalization clusters refer to the industrial cooperation model formed by leveraging digital technology to comprehensively and fully empower traditional clusters in all aspects, angles, and links. The traditional enterprises in the cluster follow the industrial logic and take traditional factors and data factors as the basis, forming a digital mirror image of physical aggregation in digital platforms and establishing an economic community based on the industrial chain. Digital industrialization clusters are new industries and business models generated by one or several digital native enterprises based on their digital innovation, developing new digital application scenarios, setting partner roles, and further expanding by leveraging platform resources. Such clusters are centered on digital native enterprises that follow the logic of digital innovation, take traditional factors and data factors as the basis, and reference the virtual aggregation organization of digital entities as a mirror image of the physical entity, forming an inseparable multi-sided collaborative innovation alliance.From the perspective of the innovation process, it tries to construct the evolution path of different types of digital industry clusters. The evolution of industrial digital cluster is mainly based on progressive digital empowerment, which has experienced from the supply chain optimization in the basic digital stage, to the cross-industry collaboration in the stage of multiple innovation, and then to the full chain integration in the stage of ecosystem construction, showing the characteristics of the steady improvement in traditional industries under the drive of technologies. The digital industrialization clusters are more dynamic and non-linear, and the evolution path is from the construction of a digital platform to dynamic innovation and then to the optimization of the ecosystem, which fully reflects the leading role of platform economy and network effect.Further, it puts forward some measures to promote the development of digital industrial clusters, such as developing digital infrastructure, cultivating leader enterprises of digital industrial clusters and formulating differentiated support policies for digital industrial clusters, which has enlightenment significance for clarifying the connotation of digital industrial clusters,promoting high-quality development of digital industrial clusters, and optimizing relevant support policies.