财经问题研究

在建设现代化经济体系过程中，以高端制造为代表的高技术产业链具有举足轻重的作用。本文阐释了产业链自主可控的本质内涵，分析了中国高技术产业链自主可控发展的现实诉求与困境，梳理了主要发达国家打造高技术产业链的典型经验。主要研究结论有：第一，高技术产业链当前面临外循环遭受发达国家围堵、内循环基础能力欠缺、韧性和安全水平降低、“断链”风险加剧等问题，严重影响了中国构建国内大循环体系及产业链现代化进程；第二，主要发达国家通过产业链本地化战略与系统性贸易保护工具维护产业链竞争优势，通过供应链空间重构和制度化联盟合作双重路径提升产业链韧性，通过建立风险评估机制和强化外资审查应对产业链供应链风险，并通过主导国际规则制定和深化跨国科技合作强化产业链掌控力与技术领先地位；第三，提升中国高技术产业链自主可控水平需力争“控链”、加快“强链”、重视“稳链”、推动“优链”和突出“补链”，以此应对外部冲击和挑战，提升中国自主创新能力。

High-tech industrial chains, represented by high-end manufacturing, play a pivotal role in constructing a modernized economic system. It has become increasingly urgent to systematically review the new circumstances facing the development of China's high-tech industrial chains, elucidate the primary approaches taken by major developed countries in building autonomous and controllable industrial chains, and analyze the practical challenges China encounters in advancing the autonomous and controllable development of its high-tech industrial chains.This paper finds that China's high-tech industrial chains currently face problems, such as encirclement and suppression by developed countries in the external circulation, a lack of foundational capabilities within the chain, decreasing resilience and security levels, and intensifying risks of chain breakdowns. These problems severely impact China's efforts to build a robust domestic circulation system and the modernization process of its industrial chains. Simultaneously, increased protectionism in some countries has limited the level of opening-up. Major developed countries generally employ industrial chain localization strategies and trade protection tools to systematically maintain their competitive advantage in industrial chains. They enhance industrial chain resilience through dual pathways of supply chain spatial restructuring and institutionalized alliance cooperation, establish risk assessment mechanisms and strengthen foreign investment screening to address industrial and supply chain risks, and dominate international rule-making and deepen transnational technological cooperation to reinforce their control over industrial chains and their technological hegemony.Compared to existing literature, this paper makes contributions in the following two aspects. First, it comprehensively considers the key influencing factors affecting the autonomous and controllable development of industrial chains and existing research on autonomy and controllability in industrial fields. Through theoretical logic and deductive reasoning, it attempts to construct a “five-tier progressive vertical layering” model, which is driven sequentially by standard rules, foundational capability control, value unit chain control, core technology support, and an innovation ecosystem. Second, this paper proposes that achieving autonomy and controllability in China's high-tech industrial chains requires preventing the risk of industrial chain relocation through higher-level opening-up, strengthening global supply chain network security by better addressing the risk of supply cuts in key sectors, enhancing the core technological innovation capability of industrial chains through digital and intelligent transformation, forging industrial chain resilience and robustness by advancing self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, and improving the driving capacity of industrial chains by promoting the domestic economic circulation.