财经问题研究

特色农业作为乡村振兴和产业帮扶的重要内容，直接关系到农村居民行为，对兴边富农和品牌强农具有重要意义。本文基于2010—2020年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，运用倾向得分匹配—双重差分（PSM-DID）模型，实证检验了特色农业政策对农村居民内生发展能力的影响及机制。研究结果表明，特色农业政策显著提升了农村居民内生发展能力，该结论在经过内生性检验和稳健性检验后仍然成立。异质性分析结果表明，特色农业政策提升农村居民内生发展能力的作用在财政支出强度高、农业科技水平高的地区更显著。机制检验发现，特色农业政策通过促进就业和增加教育支出提升农村居民内生发展能力。进一步分析结果表明，特色农业政策与兜底保障政策并不冲突，在兜底保障政策的赋能下，特色农业政策能够更有效地提升农村居民内生发展能力，降低返贫风险，提升农村居民幸福感。本文的研究结论为推进农业农村现代化、实现共同富裕提供了理论依据。

As a crucial component of national rural revitalization and industrial assistance initiatives, featured agriculture is directly intertwined with the behaviors and production and operation activities of rural residents, and holds profound significance for invigorating border areas, enriching farmers, and strengthening agriculture through branding. Existing studies either focus on macro-level dimensions such as regional economic growth, analyzing the role of characteristic agricultural policies in enhancing the radiating effect of industrial clusters and boosting local fiscal revenue, or concentrate on macro-aspects like urban-rural factor mobility, examining the policies' impacts on promoting large-scale land transfer and facilitating the flow of capital and technology to rural areas. However, few studies have adopted a micro-level perspective of rural residents to analyze whether featured agriculture policies can enhance the endogenous development capacity of rural residents and realize the transformation from “blood transfusion” to “blood making”.This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) spanning from 2010 to 2020, this study explores the impact of featured agriculture policies on the endogenous development capacity of rural residents. The findings indicate that featured agriculture policies significantly enhance the endogenous development capacity of rural residents, and this conclusion remains valid even after addressing endogeneity issues and conducting other robustness tests. The heterogeneity results show that the “blood making” effect of featured agriculture policies is more pronounced in regions with high fiscal expenditure intensity and advanced agricultural science and technology, which further verifies the conclusions of existing literature. The mechanism test reveals that featured agriculture policies can improve the endogenous development capacity of rural residents through two channels: facilitating rural residents' employment and incentivizing rural residents' learning. This study finds that the enhancement effect of featured agriculture policies on the endogenous development capacity of rural residents does not conflict with the basic living security policies, but can form a synergistic effect, reducing the risk of returning to poverty and increasing the sense of well-being of rural residents.This study can provide a theoretical basis for advancing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, stimulating the endogenous motivation of rural residents, and realizing common prosperity. Furthermore, this study can serve as a necessary reference for subsequent related studies. In terms of policy implications, future development of featured agriculture should pay more attention to how to guide the inflow of fiscal funds and promote the development of agricultural science and technology; how to root in local characteristics and give play to the employment effect and learning effect of featured agriculture.